1 & 2 Samuel

 

1 Samuel Chapter 20

Jonathan Warns David

  • 1Samuel 20:1  And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life?

Knowing David's strength and his past of defeating the giant and dangerous animals, he could have killed Saul and have been done with it. I don't believe David fled out of terror and fear for he didn't normally fear. He just didn't want to do any harm to someone God anointed to be king. His reverence and fear for God directed his paths. He must have been broken hearted.

He goes to Jonathan and pleads for understanding. He was very confused about what he did wrong to incite this hatred Saul had for him. Since David wasn't one to have a weakness for jealousy, it stands to reason that he was puzzled over this. He probably didn't understand why someone would be jealous of him. He didn't see himself as great but knew his strength was in God at this time.

  • 1Samuel 20:2  And he said unto him, God forbid; thou shalt not die: behold, my father will do nothing either great or small, but that he will shew it me: and why should my father hide this thing from me? it is not so. 

Jonathan believed his dad wouldn't do anything without sharing his motive to him but David wasn't so sure.

  • 1Samuel 20:3  And David sware moreover, and said, Thy father certainly knoweth that I have found grace in thine eyes; and he saith, Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved: but truly as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death. 

David was not stupid. He knew Saul was determined to kill him but just didn't understand the reason why.

  • 1Samuel 20:4  Then said Jonathan unto David, Whatsoever thy soul desireth, I will even do it for thee. 
  • 5  And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even. 
  • 6  If thy father at all miss me, then say, David earnestly asked leave of me that he might run to Bethlehem his city: for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family. 

That would be a legitimate reason for being absent for it was in the law of Moses that this by done in families. Numbers 10 and 28 is a good reference for this once a year occasion.

  • 1Samuel 20:7  If he say thus, It is well; thy servant shall have peace: but if he be very wroth, then be sure that evil is determined by him. 
  • 8  Therefore thou shalt deal kindly with thy servant; for thou hast brought thy servant into a covenant of the LORD with thee: notwithstanding, if there be in me iniquity, slay me thyself; for why shouldest thou bring me to thy father? 

David was willing to die by the hand of Jonathan if he was guilty of any evil.

  • 1Samuel 20:9  And Jonathan said, Far be it from thee: for if I knew certainly that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee? 
  • 10  Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly? 
  • 11  And Jonathan said unto David, Come, and let us go out into the field. And they went out both of them into the field. 

They continued their conversation out in a field where Jonathan was going to be able to later communicate what his father's desires are without being found out.

  • 1Samuel 20:12  And Jonathan said unto David, O LORD God of Israel, when I have sounded my father about to morrow any time, or the third day, and, behold, if there be good toward David, and I then send not unto thee, and shew it thee; 
  • 13  The LORD do so and much more to Jonathan: but if it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee, and send thee away, that thou mayest go in peace: and the LORD be with thee, as he hath been with my father. 
  • 14  And thou shalt not only while yet I live shew me the kindness of the LORD, that I die not: 
  • 15  But also thou shalt not cut off thy kindness from my house for ever: no, not when the LORD hath cut off the enemies of David every one from the face of the earth. 
  • 16  So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the LORD even require it at the hand of David's enemies. 
  • 17  And Jonathan caused David to swear again, because he loved him: for he loved him as he loved his own soul. 

It would seem from these passages that Jonathan recognized that David was to be king and made a covenant with him to show kindness to him and his family after him when God places him upon the throne as king. He wants the defeat of David's enemines but asks for his own family to be shown kindness. David did show kindness to the house of Saul after he became king even when others didn't want him to do so. Jonathan loved David and had a heart of compassion that chose to stand in the gap between him and his own father's desire to kill David. That is a friend to have. Jonathan was one who recognized what is right, who was innocent, and what was the will of God even if it comes against his own father.

  • 1Samuel 20:18  Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty. 
  • 19  And when thou hast stayed three days, then thou shalt go down quickly, and come to the place where thou didst hide thyself when the business was in hand, and shalt remain by the stone Ezel. 
  • 20  And I will shoot three arrows on the side thereof, as though I shot at a mark. 
  • 21  And, behold, I will send a lad, saying, Go, find out the arrows. If I expressly say unto the lad, Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee, take them; then come thou: for there is peace to thee, and no hurt; as the LORD liveth. 
  • 22  But if I say thus unto the young man, Behold, the arrows are beyond thee; go thy way: for the LORD hath sent thee away. 
  • 23  And as touching the matter which thou and I have spoken of, behold, the LORD be between thee and me for ever. 

Jonathan's plan was clever. It would warn David of trouble while appearing to just be shooting arrows. So sad to see this happen especially when Saul knew better. I can understand coming against a person that wanted to secretly take over the kingdom and get rid of the king that was then in power but David had no such motive. He didn't seek the throne. He knew Samuel anointed him but he was in no hurry to obtain it on his own. He would have been happy just to serve Saul and wait on God to place him king if that was God's will. I believe David would have preferred Saul to be reconciled to God and keep on being king if that was what God wanted. He was a good person to have in the service of the king and would never have betrayed him or Jonathan. Too bad jealousy, fear and hate took over the life of Saul. Saul would have had a good faithful friend in David. In fact David was the type of person who would have given his own life to protect Saul or any of his family just like he risked his own life to protect the sheep he took care of when he was home.

  • 1Samuel 20:24  So David hid himself in the field: and when the new moon was come, the king sat him down to eat meat. 

As it has happened throughout history and even today in a country I thought was a good country that was fair and just, the innocent sometimes have to run and hide from those that seek to destroy them. One day though the chickens come home to roost. It will come upon their own heads. No one gets by with anything when they keep doing evil without coming to Jesus for forgiveness and if possible making things right with whom they sinned against.

  • 1Samuel 20:25  And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon a seat by the wall: and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul's side, and David's place was empty. 
  • 26  Nevertheless Saul spake not any thing that day: for he thought, Something hath befallen him, he is not clean; surely he is not clean. 

Saul assumed David was delayed by a problem or unclean ceremonially to eat of peace offerings. Leviticus 7:20 records what may be meant here.

  • 1Samuel 20:27  And it came to pass on the morrow, which was the second day of the month, that David's place was empty: and Saul said unto Jonathan his son, Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither yesterday, nor to day? 
  • 28  And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem: 
  • 29  And he said, Let me go, I pray thee; for our family hath a sacrifice in the city; and my brother, he hath commanded me to be there: and now, if I have found favour in thine eyes, let me get away, I pray thee, and see my brethren. Therefore he cometh not unto the king's table. 

David asked him to say this if Saul inquired about his absence. That was probably partly true. It was a common practice to eat the peace offering with one's family.

  • 1Samuel 20:30  Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness? 
  • 31  For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the ground, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom. Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he shall surely die. 

Saul was so angry at Jonathan that he warned him that he will not inherit the kingdom for taking David's side and seems to blame Jonathan's mother for his rebellion against him. This passage is a little confusing but things said in anger can get complicated. Perhaps he is referring to David as a son in law would be king instead of Jonathan hoping Jonathan would turn against David if he knew that the kingdom would not be his but David's. Saul was actually prophesying without knowing it for the kingdom would become David's to rule not because of Jonathan but because of Saul's own disobedience and failure to do right.

  • 1 Samuel 20:32  And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done? 
  • 33  And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David. 
  • 34  So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame. 

One has to admire and commend Jonathan. He wasn't concerned about inheriting the right to be king after his father. He was concerned about an innocent person being targeted by his own father. He knew his father's actions were not right. He took David's side, not because of David as a person even though they were close friends, but because his father's actions were unfair and evil.
This does show us that someone that use to be a servant of the Lord and even prophesied can allow evil to enter their hearts and refuse to seek the Lord to overcome that evil except maybe temporary times of repentance that doesn't last very long. Jealousy or some other type of spirit returns if we don't resist and trust in the Lord's help. This type of evil can be overcome but it takes determination and constant fellowship with our Lord.

  • 1Samuel 20:35  And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him. 
  • 36  And he said unto his lad, Run, find out now the arrows which I shoot. And as the lad ran, he shot an arrow beyond him. 
  • 37  And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said, Is not the arrow beyond thee? 
  • 38  And Jonathan cried after the lad, Make speed, haste, stay not. And Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master. 
  • 39  But the lad knew not any thing: only Jonathan and David knew the matter. 

This all was a sign between him and David that David was not safe but was to flee not stay. So sad that this occurs. Yet I see it in some today in those that target one person who is a political opponent. They plot and spend even millions of tax payer's dollars to find a crime to charge their political opponents with to bring them down and ruin their chances of winning an election. I never thought I would see that happen in a free country. Party politics has always been so evil. Yet stop and think. In eternity, we will see all this is vanity and all for nothing. God wins in the long run and those that faithfully follow His ways and receive His Son Jesus into their lives will be the ones to reign over the earth. Nothing else will count in eternity when we stand before God unless our names are written in the lamb's book of life. Except those that do evil repent, they will not enter His eternal kingdom.

  • 1Samuel 20:40  And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, Go, carry them to the city. 

The lad might not have told anyone about this but Jonathan was not taking any chances. He sent the lad back to the city.

  • 1Samuel 20:41  And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times: and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded. 
  • 42  And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying, The LORD be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed for ever. And he arose and departed: and Jonathan went into the city. 

Faithful Jonathan sent David away to safety and both went their separate ways. Yet both of them had hearts that were sad and grieved over the evil that was in Saul. David just wanted to be their friend and continue fighting against the bigger enemy, the Philistines together. He would have served Saul faithfully, not attempting to take over the kingdom until God moved in that direction. If God would have changed His mind and left the kingdom in Saul's power and even let Jonathan become king after his death, David would have supported them. So sad to lose such a faithful friend. DC

1 Samuel Chapter 21

 

 
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